The Biology of Tapeworms
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A 6 page discussion of tapeworm life cycle and impact to man. This paper provides an overview of tapeworm biology as well as specific information on Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm which affects both humans and other higher vertebrates such as cattle and pigs and Taenia solium, a tapeworm in which the primary hosts is pigs while the intermediate host is man. These species are the two most common tapeworms infesting man and can exert tremendous economic and health impacts on the human population. They do so through an evolutionary design which ensures their success in invading and parasitizing their hosts. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPtapewr.rtf

The Botany of Coffee
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A 5 page paper discussing the coffee plant's structure and habit, then discussion of caffeine's effects on the body. Coffee is one of those plants that does not grow as well where it is native as it does where it does not. Native to Africa, it grows best for commercial purposes about 25 either side of the equator. It is important commercially regardless of where it is grown, however, with about 400 million cups being consumed each day by two-thirds of the world's population. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Kscoffee.doc

The Burgess Shale Fauna/Dinosaur to Bird Fossil Record: Parallels and Contrasts
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An 11 page comparison of the simplicity of the animal species preserved in the Burgess Shale Deposit and the complex evolutionary path recorded in the fossil record for modern-day birds. Discusses the controversy and debate surrounding the question of the speculated origin of birds from dinosaurs. Discusses the current findings in the field and the need for additional research. Paper concludes that not only is there no current connection between the Burgess Shale deposit and the evolutionary path of our modern birds, the theories that connect modern day birds to dinosaurs will undoubtedly continue to be challenged in the future. Emphasizes that research is ongoing, however, and that the probability of identifying a clear and irrefutable association between the dinosaurs and the modern birds is more probable than improbable. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdinoBd.wps

The Cell as a "Supramolecular Machine"
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An 8 page overview of cellular function. Concentrating on cellular function in viruses, the author utilizes RNA to illustrate the view that the cell is a supramolecular machine. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPrnaCll.rtf

The Cellular Basis of Cystic Fibrosis
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7 pages. This paper about cystic fibrosis deals with a journal article that explains research into the molecular and cellular basis of cystic fibrosis. Included in this paper is what is known about the disease process, why the research was undertaken and what it contributes to the knowledge of pathobiology. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: JAcysfib.rtf

The Characteristics, Types, and Significance of Snakes
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the basic elements similar in all types of snakes, including anatomical elements, reproduction and locomotion and then outlines some of the specifics in three snake examples: garter snakes, cornsnakes and boa constrictors. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHsnakes.wps

The Chemistry of Water
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A 6 page description of water. The author details the chemical structure of water and how this structure determines its behavior in response to temperature and in response to other substances. A brief history on temperature measurement with specifics of the distinction between the Fahrenheit scale, the Celsius scale, and the Kelvin scale is provided as well. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPwater2.rtf

The Chemistry of Water
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A 8 page description of water and the chemical properties that make it so unique. The author details the chemical structure of water and how this structure determines its behavior in response to temperature and in response to other substances. A brief history on temperature measurement with specifics of the distinction between the Fahrenheit scale, the Celsius scale, and the Kelvin scale is provided. The chemical process that occurs when "hard" water is subjected to boiling temperatures is illustrated with the use of chemical formulas. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPwater3.rtf

The Ediacaran Biota of the Precambrian: A Separate Kingdom or The Ancestors of Modern Animals
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A 10 page overview of the Ediacaran Biota, an assemblage of fascinating organisms first discovered in the fossil record in 1946. Describes the ongoing controversy as to whether these organisms belonged to the Animal Kingdom or comprised their own previously undescribed kingdom. Presents the ancillary question that if these organisms were indeed animals did they die out in the Precambrian or are they actually the ancestors of modern day animals. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPfossil.wps

The effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide production in saccharomyces
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This 6 page paper considers the way that temperature will impact on the rate of carbon dioxide, the paper tests the hypothesis that the higher the temperature the more rapid the rate of carbon dioxide. This is tested using yeast. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEcarsac.rtf

The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth
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A 5 page discussion of bacterial growth in the presence of antibiotics. Examines how bacterial growth is dependent on a number of their physiological mechanisms such as enzymes, proteins, and even the communication of one organism with another in a phenomenon referred to as quorum sensing. Emphasizes that it is critical to continue our quest to understand the specifics of how antibiotics influence bacterial growth. By improving our understanding and concentrating on developing antibiotics which only work on specific intracellular functions of bacteria we have a higher chance of improving the long-term health not only of human populations but also of those populations of plants and animals upon which we depend. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPantibi2.wps

The Effects of Hormones on Plants
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An 8 page research paper which discusses plant growth, plant hormones, as well as provides the findings of research studies on how hormones effect plant growth. Includes a discussion of two or more hormones in detail. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Planhorm.wps