Lilliputians and Shaka Zulu
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An 8 page paper which compares the culture and practices of the Lilliputians, from Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels," and Shaka Zulu. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAlillip.rtf

Literature: Post-Colonial Strife:
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This 4 page paper examines the following stories in regards to the issue of post-colonial strife: "The Heart of Redness", "Anil's Ghost", and "Sozaboy". Furthermore, this paper illustrates how the characters in these stories are confronted with strife and how they proceed to overcome the strife that occurs in their experience. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSHrtRed.rtf

Liverpool and the slave trade
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A paper which looks at the importance of the slave trade to the commercial and economic growth of Liverpool, and the extent to which slavery influenced the development of the Black community in the city. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JLslavtrd.rtf

Lives of the Pharaohs
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A 5 page discussion of the material culture and spiritual belief of the ancient Egyptians. An extensive discussion, based largely on Pierre Montet’s “Lives of the Pharaohs”, is included on the architecture of these peoples and of what we know about their spiritual beliefs. The author of this paper emphasizes that although the time period spanned by ancient Egypt and the number of rulers which played in its history is tremendous, throughout its entirety the archeological record serves as a clue to the values and lifeways of these fascinating peoples. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPegpPhr.rtf

Mafeking Diary
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Occasionally, history is very much like a tossed coin: it lands on one side and that is the story that is heard, it falls on the other side and a completely different and equally accurate story enfolds. This 5 page paper explores the siege of Mafeking during the Anglo-Boer war as it is presented by Sol Plaatje in The Mafeking Diary. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTmafkng.wps

Mahdi of the Sudan (Muhammad Ahmad Ibn As-Sayyid' Abd Allah)
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A 7 page overview of the life and military accomplishments of this Sudanese ruler. Traces the life of the Mahdi from his religious seclusion to his defeat of British General Charles George Gordon and the seizure of Khartoum in 1884 and his death from typhus in 1885. Concludes that the Mahdi was in power only four years yet during that short time he succeeded in wielding his military might to build an Islamic state which stretched from central Africa to the Red Sea. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPmahdi.wps

Majority Rule and Economic and Political Development
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An 8 page review of the 4 sources.theories of Fareed Zakaria and Heinz Klug. This paper relies on examples from around the world but places a particular emphasis on South Africa. Bibliography lists
Filename: PPSouthAfricaConstitutionalism.rtf

Male Status within Ibo Society and Its Loss after the Arrival of the White Missionaries
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This is a 4 page paper discussing male status in Ibo society and its loss after the arrival of the white missionaries and colonization. In traditional African Ibo society there were several different circumstances and symbols which led to male status. Male status depended on age, the family unit, community position, and wealth which were all related in addition to social aspects including the number of wives, courage in warfare, and self-esteem among other factors. The Ibo society was well structured based on the status of men, and women gained their status from the men to which they were married. The introduction of the white missionaries in the Ibo communities led to a disruption of the religion and political systems which were traditionally based on the male hierarchy, democracy and consultation with the Oracles. Once these structures were taken away, lawlessness overtook the villages which led to the imposition of white governmental rule. Important Ibo status factors such as the family and community units, polygamy and male position within the village were also taken away depriving the communities of the political and social symbols which once led their cohesive society. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJIbost1.rtf

Mali and the Descriptions of Ibn Battuta
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A 5 page overview of the writings of Ibn Battuta in Ibn Battuta in Black Africa as they relate to Mali. The author of this paper contends that to understand Battuta’s perception of Mali it is first necessary to understand something of the man himself. Battuta made a diligent effort to understand the sometimes foreign situations and events he found himself taking part in but it is important for the historian undertaking an analysis of this text to remember that his understanding was greatly tempered with his own cultural norms and values. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPmali.rtf

Mali: The Economic and Social Development of Africa’s Second Sudanic Empire
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An 8 page overview of the ancient history of Mali. This paper introduces Mali from the point of its origin in the thirteenth century and traces its history through its disintegration in the fifteenth century. Bibliography lists sources.
Filename: PPafMali.rtf

Malnutrition - Kwashiorkor
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A 10 page paper. Kwashiorkor is a complicated form of malnutrition in that the simple addition of food does not cure it. It is caused by a lack of protein in the diet and almost always occurs in infants and children who have been weaned from their mother's breast milk and given a diet of starches and carbohydrates with little or no protein. This essay discusses the incidence of the disease, the symptoms, diagnosis, the differences of this form of malnutrition, treatment interventions, and recent research regarding kwashiorkor. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGkwsh.rtf

Manchester Conferences / Africa 1945, 1990
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A 4 page essay on the differences between these two conferences in terms of attendees, stated goals, aftermath and ongoing consequences. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Africonf.wps